In this week's event, the wind was associated with a strong cold front aloft; the 500mb chart below shows the trough axis near Fairbanks at 4pm AKDT on Monday. Note the temperature of -39°C reported above Fairbanks; by Tuesday morning the 500mb temperature was down to -43.5°C, which was very nearly the coldest air of the entire winter at this level.
However, even as the cold air moved in aloft, temperatures at the surface were up near the freezing point on Monday afternoon. The chart below shows the full sounding from 4pm on Monday; the (red) temperature trace shows a strikingly steep vertical temperature gradient, indicating an environment with potential for some convective overturning.
In response to the increasingly unstable environment, heavy snow showers emerged on Monday afternoon and moved through the Fairbanks area. See below for a sequence of radar images at hourly intervals from 2pm to 7pm AKDT.
Interestingly a similar round of showers occurred on Tuesday afternoon as surface temperatures made their way up to the freezing point again, while very cold temperatures persisted aloft. Tuesday afternoon's temperature difference (42.6°C) between the surface and 500mb was one of the greatest on record for March in Fairbanks and was actually the largest on record for so early in the year. Here's a Tuesday afternoon radar image:
Reader Bill suggested that it's not uncommon to see heavy snow squalls like this in late winter in Fairbanks, but without going through a long-term archive of radar data, it's difficult to say what the frequency actually is or whether it might be changing over time.
